ハルキゲニア 生態

ハルキゲニア

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/08/26 05:52 UTC 版)

生態

海底を歩くハルキゲニアの生態復元図

他の多くの葉足動物と同様、ハルキゲニアは底生性で、脚の鉤爪を利用して頑固な表面を掴んで登ることに適したと考えられる[9][14]。よくカイメンヴァウヒア)や有機堆積物と共に発見される化石標本の状況から、カイメンを登っては捕食し、もしくは腐肉をあさる腐肉食の動物であったと考えられている[9]。背側の棘で大型捕食者から身を守り[8]、特化した触手状の葉足で餌をまで運んでいたと考えられる[14]


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  2. ^ a b c Canada, Royal Ontario Museum and Parks (2011年6月10日). “The Burgess Shale” (英語). burgess-shale.rom.on.ca. 2021年7月18日閲覧。
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o CONWAY MORRIS, S. 1977. A new metazoan from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Palaeontology, 20: 623-640.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i WALCOTT, C. 1911. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology II. Middle Cambrian annelids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57(5): 109-145.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan (1995-05). “Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?” (英語). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114 (1): 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Steiner, M.; Hu, S.; Liu, J.; Keupp, H. (2012). “A new species of Hallucigenia from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation of Yunnan (South China) and the structure of sclerites in lobopodians”. Bulletin of Geosciences 87: 107–124. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1280. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233960160. 
  7. ^ a b Ou, Qiang; Mayer, Georg (2018-09-20). “A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, † Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of † Diania cactiformis” (英語). Scientific Reports 8 (1): 13667. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6147921. PMID 30237414. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31499-y. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2015). Hallucigenia's head and the pharyngeal armature of early ecdysozoans”. Nature 523 (7558): 75–8. Bibcode2015Natur.523...75S. doi:10.1038/nature14573. PMID 26106857. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14573. 
  9. ^ a b c d e Canada, Royal Ontario Museum and Parks (2011年6月10日). “Hallucigenia - Fossil Gallery - The Burgess Shale” (英語). burgess-shale.rom.on.ca. 2021年2月16日閲覧。
  10. ^ 台灣海洋生態資訊學習網 > 依海生館 > 海洋生物 >”. study.nmmba.gov.tw. 2021年2月16日閲覧。
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Liu, Jianni; Dunlop, Jason A. (2013-01). “Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution” (英語). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 398: 4–15. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008. ISSN 0031-0182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003101821300285X. 
  12. ^ a b “Morphology of Cambrian lobopodian eyes from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte and their evolutionary significance” (英語). Arthropod Structure & Development 41 (5): 495–504. (2012-09-01). doi:10.1016/j.asd.2012.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. https://www.academia.edu/4190231. 
  13. ^ a b c d e f Smith, Martin R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2014). Hallucigenia's onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda”. Nature 514 (7522): 363–366. Bibcode2014Natur.514..363S. doi:10.1038/nature13576. PMID 25132546. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264868021. 
  14. ^ a b Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2015-10-05). “Lobopodians” (English). Current Biology 25 (19): R873–R875. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.028. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26439350. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00831-3. 
  15. ^ a b Ramsköld, L.; Xianguang, Hou (1991-05). “New early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans” (英語). Nature 351 (6323): 225–228. doi:10.1038/351225a0. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/351225a0. 
  16. ^ a b c d e f Ramsköld, Lars (April 1992). “The second leg row of Hallucigenia discovered”. Lethaia 25 (2): 221–4. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01389.x. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01389.x. 
  17. ^ a b カンブリア紀の珍生物「ハルキゲニア」、また復元図が書き換えられる 実は前後も逆だったITメディア、2015年6月26日、同年6月27日閲覧
  18. ^ a b Gould, Stephen Jay (1989) (English). Wonderful life: the Burgess Shale and the nature of history. ISBN 978-0-393-02705-1. OCLC 18983518. https://www.worldcat.org/title/wonderful-life-the-burgess-shale-and-the-nature-of-history/oclc/18983518 
  19. ^ Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018-03-15). “Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China”. Journal of the Geological Society 175 (4): 659–666. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323791577. 
  20. ^ Dzik, Jerzy. (2011-07). The xenusian-to-anomalocaridid transition within the lobopodians. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 50 (1): 65-74.
  21. ^ V. V. Missarzhevsky, A. J. Mambetov. (1981). Stratigrafiya i fauna pogranichnykh sloev kembriya i dokembriya Malogo Karatau (Stratigraphy and fauna of Cambrian and Precambrian boundary beds of Maly Karatau), Trudy Akademii Nauka SSSR 326, 1–90.
  22. ^ N. P. Meshkova. (1985). in Problematiki pozdniego dokembriya i paleozoya. Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, Sibirskoi Otdelenii Akademia Nauk SSSR 632, pp. 127–133.
  23. ^ Dzik, Jerzy (2003). “Early Cambrian lobopodian sclerites and associated fossils from Kazakhstan” (英語). Palaeontology 46 (1): 93–112. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00289. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-4983.00289. 
  24. ^ Topper, C. B. Skovsted, G. A. Brock, J. R. Paterson. (2007). New bradoriids from the lower Cambrian Mernmerna Formation, South Australia. systematics, biostratigraphy and biogeography, Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33, 67–100.
  25. ^ J. S. Peel, M. R. Blaker. (1988). The small shelly fossil Mongolituibulus from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 137, 55–60.
  26. ^ Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S. (2001-12-31). “The problematic fossil Mongolitubulus from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland” (英語). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 48: 135–147. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2001-48-07. ISSN 2245-7070. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237348286. 
  27. ^ R. Wrona. (1989). Cambrian limestone erratics in the Tertiary glacio-marine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research 10, 533–553.
  28. ^ R. Wrona. (2004). Cambrian microfossils from glacial erratics of King George Island, Antarctica. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49, 13–56.
  29. ^ R. Wrona. (2009). Early Cambrian bradoriide and phosphatocopide arthropods from King George Island, West Antarctica: biogeographic implications. Polish Polar Research.
  30. ^ Hinz, Ingelore (1987-01-01). “The Lower Cambrian microfauna of Comley and Rushton, Shropshire/England” (ドイツ語). Palaeontographica Abteilung A: 41–100. https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/pala/detail/A198/71240/The_Lower_Cambrian_microfauna_of_Comley_and_Rushton_Shropshire_England. 
  31. ^ a b Butterfield, N. J.; Nicholas, C. J. (1996). “Burgess Shale-Type Preservation of Both Non-Mineralizing and 'Shelly' Cambrian Organisms from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwestern Canada”. Journal of Paleontology 70 (6): 893–899. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306492. 
  32. ^ Harvey, Thomas H.P.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Lin, Jih-Pai; Yuanlong, Zhao; Butterfield, Nicholas J. (2012-06). “Burgess Shale-Type Microfossils from the Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation, Guizhou Province, China” (英語). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (2): 423–436. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0028. ISSN 0567-7920. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0028. 
  33. ^ a b c d Caron, Jean-Bernard; Aria, Cédric (2017-01-31). “Cambrian suspension-feeding lobopodians and the early radiation of panarthropods” (英語). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1). doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0858-y. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5282736. PMID 28137244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0858-y. 
  34. ^ a b c d e Siveter, Derek J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Legg, David (2018-08-01). “A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK” (英語). Royal Society Open Science 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. ISSN 2054-5703. http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/5/8/172101. 
  35. ^ a b c d e Caron, Jean-Bernard; Aria, Cédric (2020). “The Collins’ monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia” (英語). Palaeontology 63 (6): 979–994. doi:10.1111/pala.12499. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12499. 
  36. ^ a b c Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Gerber, Sylvain; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2015-07-14). “A superarmored lobopodian from the Cambrian of China and early disparity in the evolution of Onychophora”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112 (28): 8678–8683. doi:10.1073/pnas.1505596112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4507230. PMID 26124122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507230/. 
  37. ^ a b c Murdock, Duncan J. E.; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Purnell, Mark A. (2016-01-22). “The impact of taphonomic data on phylogenetic resolution: Helenodora inopinata (Carboniferous, Mazon Creek Lagerstätte) and the onychophoran stem lineage”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 19. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0582-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4722706. PMID 26801389. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4722706/. 
  38. ^ a b c Zhang, Xi-Guang; Smith, Martin R.; Yang, Jie; Hou, Jin-Bo (2016-9). “Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian”. Biology Letters 12 (9): 20160492. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0492. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 5046927. PMID 27677816. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5046927/. 
  39. ^ a b c Howard, Richard J.; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Salge, Tobias; Shi, Xiaomei; Ma, Xiaoya (2020-04-20). “A Tube-Dwelling Early Cambrian Lobopodian” (English). Current Biology 30 (8): 1529–1536.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.075. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32109391. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(20)30119-6. 
  40. ^ a b Shi, Xiaomei; Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Hou, Xianguang; Ma, Xiaoya (2021-10-06). Tabelliscolex (Cricocosmiidae: Palaeoscolecidomorpha) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota and the evolution of seriation in Ecdysozoa” (英語). Journal of the Geological Society. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-060. ISSN 0016-7649. https://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2021/09/30/jgs2021-060. 






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